Cartel Damages Claims in Europe: How Courts Have Assessed Overcharges

National courts in Europe have handed out over fifty judgments in cartel damages claims, and have awarded damages in at least 23 cases. In these cases, the courts have reviewed various methods for quantifying cartel overcharges. Rather than economic or econometric modelling which is sometimes perceived as complex, courts seem to prefer straightforward comparator-based approaches founded on facts and calculations that they can verify.